What does it exactly mean if a random variable follows a distribution The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InWhat is meant by a “random variable”?What is meant by using a probability distribution to model the output data for a regression problem?What does truncated distribution mean?What does “chi” mean and come from in “chi-squared distribution”?What exactly is a distribution?If $X$ and $Y$ are normally distributed random variables, what kind of distribution their sum follows?“Let random variables $X_1,dots, X_n$ be a iid random sample from $f(x)$” - what does it mean?What does it mean to have a probability as random variable?What does it mean by error has a Gaussian Distribution?what exactly does it mean when we say “Let $X_1, X_2 …$ be iid random variables”Mean and S.D of Normal distributionWhat does it mean to generate a random variable from a distribution when random variable is a function?

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What does it exactly mean if a random variable follows a distribution



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InWhat is meant by a “random variable”?What is meant by using a probability distribution to model the output data for a regression problem?What does truncated distribution mean?What does “chi” mean and come from in “chi-squared distribution”?What exactly is a distribution?If $X$ and $Y$ are normally distributed random variables, what kind of distribution their sum follows?“Let random variables $X_1,dots, X_n$ be a iid random sample from $f(x)$” - what does it mean?What does it mean to have a probability as random variable?What does it mean by error has a Gaussian Distribution?what exactly does it mean when we say “Let $X_1, X_2 …$ be iid random variables”Mean and S.D of Normal distributionWhat does it mean to generate a random variable from a distribution when random variable is a function?



.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








1












$begingroup$


Imagine there's a random variable such as $ε$. Then we say that $ε$ is i.i.d and follows a normal distribution with mean $0$ and variance $σ^2$.



What does this mean? Is this not a variable anymore? Is this a function now? I see this in most books and such but I'm still unclear what exactly it means or what it does and etc.



In terms of regression, I know this variable is basically the random errors, but what does it mean if this vector of random errors follows a normal distribution?










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







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  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
    $endgroup$
    – Tim
    2 days ago

















1












$begingroup$


Imagine there's a random variable such as $ε$. Then we say that $ε$ is i.i.d and follows a normal distribution with mean $0$ and variance $σ^2$.



What does this mean? Is this not a variable anymore? Is this a function now? I see this in most books and such but I'm still unclear what exactly it means or what it does and etc.



In terms of regression, I know this variable is basically the random errors, but what does it mean if this vector of random errors follows a normal distribution?










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
    $endgroup$
    – Tim
    2 days ago













1












1








1





$begingroup$


Imagine there's a random variable such as $ε$. Then we say that $ε$ is i.i.d and follows a normal distribution with mean $0$ and variance $σ^2$.



What does this mean? Is this not a variable anymore? Is this a function now? I see this in most books and such but I'm still unclear what exactly it means or what it does and etc.



In terms of regression, I know this variable is basically the random errors, but what does it mean if this vector of random errors follows a normal distribution?










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




Imagine there's a random variable such as $ε$. Then we say that $ε$ is i.i.d and follows a normal distribution with mean $0$ and variance $σ^2$.



What does this mean? Is this not a variable anymore? Is this a function now? I see this in most books and such but I'm still unclear what exactly it means or what it does and etc.



In terms of regression, I know this variable is basically the random errors, but what does it mean if this vector of random errors follows a normal distribution?







regression distributions normal-distribution random-variable






share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question






New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 2 days ago









Hello MellowHello Mellow

62




62




New contributor




Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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New contributor





Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Hello Mellow is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
    $endgroup$
    – Tim
    2 days ago












  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
    $endgroup$
    – Tim
    2 days ago







2




2




$begingroup$
Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
$endgroup$
– Tim
2 days ago




$begingroup$
Does this help stats.stackexchange.com/a/54894/35989? Or maybe this stats.stackexchange.com/questions/194558/… ?
$endgroup$
– Tim
2 days ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

I.I.D. means independent and identically distributed, so $epsilon$ is a vector of component random variables with the same distribution.



The meaning of "A follows an X distribution" is equivalent to saying that it "has a distribution," which is to say that it is a random quantity that can be determined only in probability.



In the example of regression that you refer to, $Y=f(X) + epsilon; epsilon stackreli.i.d.sim N(0,sigma^2)$, so the response variable $Y$ is equal to some function of the independent $X$ on average, and errors are normally distributed with mean zero, i.e. the observed $Y$ is not exactly $f(X)$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    2












    $begingroup$

    A random variable $varepsilon sim mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ is not the kind of variable considered when thinking about function arguments or solving equations, but actually represents the outcome of a random experiment. (Mathematically rigorously, but not so important, one would say: it is a function mapping from a sample space into the space in which the random variable lives.)



    How can this be understood? A probability measure, like $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ assigns values to sets, so-called events. In this case, the probability of $varepsilon$ ending up in a set $A$ has probability
    $$
    mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A) = int_A frac1sqrt2pisigma^2expleft(-frac12sigma^2 |x |^2 right) mathrmdx.
    $$

    That means, if you repeatedly saw i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) $varepsilon$'s, they would (in the large data limit) on average end up in $A$, precisely $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A)cdot 100 %$ of the time.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
      $endgroup$
      – Tim
      2 days ago










    • $begingroup$
      It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
      $endgroup$
      – Jonas
      2 days ago










    • $begingroup$
      That is..? What do you mean by variable?
      $endgroup$
      – Tim
      2 days ago










    • $begingroup$
      Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
      $endgroup$
      – Jonas
      2 days ago






    • 1




      $begingroup$
      When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
      $endgroup$
      – Tim
      yesterday












    Your Answer





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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2












    $begingroup$

    I.I.D. means independent and identically distributed, so $epsilon$ is a vector of component random variables with the same distribution.



    The meaning of "A follows an X distribution" is equivalent to saying that it "has a distribution," which is to say that it is a random quantity that can be determined only in probability.



    In the example of regression that you refer to, $Y=f(X) + epsilon; epsilon stackreli.i.d.sim N(0,sigma^2)$, so the response variable $Y$ is equal to some function of the independent $X$ on average, and errors are normally distributed with mean zero, i.e. the observed $Y$ is not exactly $f(X)$.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      2












      $begingroup$

      I.I.D. means independent and identically distributed, so $epsilon$ is a vector of component random variables with the same distribution.



      The meaning of "A follows an X distribution" is equivalent to saying that it "has a distribution," which is to say that it is a random quantity that can be determined only in probability.



      In the example of regression that you refer to, $Y=f(X) + epsilon; epsilon stackreli.i.d.sim N(0,sigma^2)$, so the response variable $Y$ is equal to some function of the independent $X$ on average, and errors are normally distributed with mean zero, i.e. the observed $Y$ is not exactly $f(X)$.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        2












        2








        2





        $begingroup$

        I.I.D. means independent and identically distributed, so $epsilon$ is a vector of component random variables with the same distribution.



        The meaning of "A follows an X distribution" is equivalent to saying that it "has a distribution," which is to say that it is a random quantity that can be determined only in probability.



        In the example of regression that you refer to, $Y=f(X) + epsilon; epsilon stackreli.i.d.sim N(0,sigma^2)$, so the response variable $Y$ is equal to some function of the independent $X$ on average, and errors are normally distributed with mean zero, i.e. the observed $Y$ is not exactly $f(X)$.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        I.I.D. means independent and identically distributed, so $epsilon$ is a vector of component random variables with the same distribution.



        The meaning of "A follows an X distribution" is equivalent to saying that it "has a distribution," which is to say that it is a random quantity that can be determined only in probability.



        In the example of regression that you refer to, $Y=f(X) + epsilon; epsilon stackreli.i.d.sim N(0,sigma^2)$, so the response variable $Y$ is equal to some function of the independent $X$ on average, and errors are normally distributed with mean zero, i.e. the observed $Y$ is not exactly $f(X)$.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered 2 days ago









        HStamperHStamper

        1,114612




        1,114612























            2












            $begingroup$

            A random variable $varepsilon sim mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ is not the kind of variable considered when thinking about function arguments or solving equations, but actually represents the outcome of a random experiment. (Mathematically rigorously, but not so important, one would say: it is a function mapping from a sample space into the space in which the random variable lives.)



            How can this be understood? A probability measure, like $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ assigns values to sets, so-called events. In this case, the probability of $varepsilon$ ending up in a set $A$ has probability
            $$
            mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A) = int_A frac1sqrt2pisigma^2expleft(-frac12sigma^2 |x |^2 right) mathrmdx.
            $$

            That means, if you repeatedly saw i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) $varepsilon$'s, they would (in the large data limit) on average end up in $A$, precisely $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A)cdot 100 %$ of the time.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              That is..? What do you mean by variable?
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              yesterday
















            2












            $begingroup$

            A random variable $varepsilon sim mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ is not the kind of variable considered when thinking about function arguments or solving equations, but actually represents the outcome of a random experiment. (Mathematically rigorously, but not so important, one would say: it is a function mapping from a sample space into the space in which the random variable lives.)



            How can this be understood? A probability measure, like $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ assigns values to sets, so-called events. In this case, the probability of $varepsilon$ ending up in a set $A$ has probability
            $$
            mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A) = int_A frac1sqrt2pisigma^2expleft(-frac12sigma^2 |x |^2 right) mathrmdx.
            $$

            That means, if you repeatedly saw i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) $varepsilon$'s, they would (in the large data limit) on average end up in $A$, precisely $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A)cdot 100 %$ of the time.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              That is..? What do you mean by variable?
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              yesterday














            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$

            A random variable $varepsilon sim mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ is not the kind of variable considered when thinking about function arguments or solving equations, but actually represents the outcome of a random experiment. (Mathematically rigorously, but not so important, one would say: it is a function mapping from a sample space into the space in which the random variable lives.)



            How can this be understood? A probability measure, like $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ assigns values to sets, so-called events. In this case, the probability of $varepsilon$ ending up in a set $A$ has probability
            $$
            mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A) = int_A frac1sqrt2pisigma^2expleft(-frac12sigma^2 |x |^2 right) mathrmdx.
            $$

            That means, if you repeatedly saw i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) $varepsilon$'s, they would (in the large data limit) on average end up in $A$, precisely $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A)cdot 100 %$ of the time.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$



            A random variable $varepsilon sim mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ is not the kind of variable considered when thinking about function arguments or solving equations, but actually represents the outcome of a random experiment. (Mathematically rigorously, but not so important, one would say: it is a function mapping from a sample space into the space in which the random variable lives.)



            How can this be understood? A probability measure, like $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)$ assigns values to sets, so-called events. In this case, the probability of $varepsilon$ ending up in a set $A$ has probability
            $$
            mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A) = int_A frac1sqrt2pisigma^2expleft(-frac12sigma^2 |x |^2 right) mathrmdx.
            $$

            That means, if you repeatedly saw i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) $varepsilon$'s, they would (in the large data limit) on average end up in $A$, precisely $mathrmN(0,sigma^2)(A)cdot 100 %$ of the time.







            share|cite|improve this answer














            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer








            edited yesterday

























            answered 2 days ago









            JonasJonas

            51211




            51211











            • $begingroup$
              How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              That is..? What do you mean by variable?
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              yesterday

















            • $begingroup$
              How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              That is..? What do you mean by variable?
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              2 days ago










            • $begingroup$
              Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
              $endgroup$
              – Jonas
              2 days ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
              $endgroup$
              – Tim
              yesterday
















            $begingroup$
            How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            2 days ago




            $begingroup$
            How is it not a random variable? It has a distribution, so it is a random variable.
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            2 days ago












            $begingroup$
            It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
            $endgroup$
            – Jonas
            2 days ago




            $begingroup$
            It is a random variable, but not a „variable“ how we typically understand it.
            $endgroup$
            – Jonas
            2 days ago












            $begingroup$
            That is..? What do you mean by variable?
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            2 days ago




            $begingroup$
            That is..? What do you mean by variable?
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            2 days ago












            $begingroup$
            Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
            $endgroup$
            – Jonas
            2 days ago




            $begingroup$
            Like an unknown value with respect to which we want to solve an equation, or the argument of a function taking values in a given set. A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable space. To me, those are completely different concepts; even if they appear similar.
            $endgroup$
            – Jonas
            2 days ago




            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            yesterday





            $begingroup$
            When you see "variable" mentioned in probability theory text, they usually mean "random variable". Also "variable" in statistics means something else then in algebra. So it would be best if you could edit and make it more precise what kind of "variable" the random variable is not.
            $endgroup$
            – Tim
            yesterday











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