विद्युत चालकता अनुक्रम कुछ पदार्थों की विद्युत चालकता इन्हें भी देखें बाहरी कड़ियाँ सन्दर्भ दिक्चालन सूचीMeasurement of the Electrical Conductivity of Glass MeltsPeriodic Table of Elements Sorted by Electrical ConductivityGuide to testing the Electrical Conductivity of soil waterJ. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 1231-1238Effect of relative humidity and sea level pressure on electrical conductivity of air over Indian Ocean

विद्युतविद्युत सम्बन्धी कांसेप्ट


पदार्थोंविद्युत धाराविभवान्तरआवेशधारा घनत्वविद्युत क्षेत्र की तीव्रताइकाईकुचालकअर्धचालकसुचालकअतिचालकhttp://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/copyright/




【इलेक्ट्रान,न्यूट्रॉन,प्रोटोन,आयन मे से सबसे ज्यादा चालकता आयन की होती है】




विद्युत चालकता


पदार्थों द्वारा विद्युत धारा संचालित करने की क्षमता के माप को विद्युत चालकता (Electrical conductivity) या विशिष्ट चालकता (specific conductance) कहते हैं। जब किसी पदार्थ से बने किसी 'चालक' के दो सिरों के बीच विभवान्तर आरोपित किया जाता है तो इसमें विद्यमान घूम सकने योग्य आवेश प्रवाहित होने लगते हैं जिसे विद्युत धारा कहते हैं। आंकिक रूप से धारा घनत्व Jdisplaystyle mathbf J तथा विद्युत क्षेत्र की तीव्रता Edisplaystyle mathbf E के अनुपात को चालकता (σ) कहते हैं। अर्थात -


J=σE.displaystyle mathbf J =sigma mathbf E .

विद्युत चालकता के व्युत्क्रम (reciprocal) राशि को विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता (ρ) कहते हैं जिसकी SI इकाई सिमेन्स प्रति मीटर (S·m-1) होती है।


σ=1ρ.displaystyle sigma =1 over rho .

विद्युत चालकता के आधार पर पदार्थों को कुचालक, अर्धचालक, सुचालक तथा अतिचालक आदि कई वर्गों में बांटा जाता है जिनका अपना-अपना महत्व एवं उपयोग होता है


चालकता ___(Conductance)
जिस प्रकार प्रतिरोध, विधुत धारा प्रवाह का विरोध करता है उसी प्रकार चालकता प्रतिरोध के प्रभाव के विपरीत है, परंतु चालकता विधुत धारा प्रवाह को सुगमता प्रदान करती है।




अनुक्रम





  • 1 कुछ पदार्थों की विद्युत चालकता


  • 2 इन्हें भी देखें


  • 3 बाहरी कड़ियाँ


  • 4 सन्दर्भ




कुछ पदार्थों की विद्युत चालकता


















































विद्युत चालकता

(S·m−1)


ताप (°C)
टिप्पणी

चांदी
63.01 × 10620
ज्ञात धातुओं में सबसे अधिक विद्युत और उष्मीय चालकता) वाली धातु

ताँबा (Copper)
59.6 × 10620

Annealed Copper
58.0 × 10620
Referred to as 100% IACS or International Annealed Copper Standard. The unit for expressing the conductivity of nonmagnetic materials by testing using the eddy-current method. Generally used for temper and alloy verification of Aluminium.

सोना
45.2 × 10620
Gold is commonly used in electrical contacts because it does not easily corrode.

अल्युमिनियम (Aluminium)
37.8 × 10620


समुद्र का जल
4.788
20
Refer to http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9.html for more detail as there are many variations and significant variables for seawater.

4.8(S·m−1) would be for an average salinity of 35 g/kg at about 20(°C)
Copyright on the linked material can be found here http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/copyright/



पीने का पानी
0.0005 to 0.05

This value range is typical of high quality drinking water and not an indicator of water quality

Deionized water
5.5 × 10−6[1]
conductivity is lowest with monoatomic gases present; changes to 1.2 × 10−4 upon complete de-gassing, or to 7.5  × 10−5 upon equilibration to the atmosphere due to dissolved CO2[1]
Jet A-1 Kerosene
50 to 450 × 10−12
[2]

n-hexane
100  × 10−12
[3]

वायु
0.3 to 0.8  × 10−14



[4]


इन्हें भी देखें



  • विद्युत प्रतिरोध (Electrical resistance])

  • विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता


  • उष्मा चालकता (Thermal conductivity)


बाहरी कड़ियाँ



  • Measurement of the Electrical Conductivity of Glass Melts Measurement Techniques, Definitions, Electrical conductivity Calculation from the Glass Composition

  • Periodic Table of Elements Sorted by Electrical Conductivity

  • Guide to testing the Electrical Conductivity of soil water




सन्दर्भ



  1. See J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 1231-1238 In particular page 1235. Note that values in this paper are given in S/cm, not S/m, which differs by a factor of 100.


  2. [1]


  3. [2]


  4. Pawar, S. D., P. Murugavel, and D. M. Lal (2009) Effect of relative humidity and sea level pressure on electrical conductivity of air over Indian Ocean J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02205, doi:10.1029/2007JD009716









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