Ulmus minor 'Viminalis' Contents Description Pests and diseases Cultivation Notable trees Cultivars Synonymy Accessions Pseudo-'Viminalis' and 'Viminalis'-like elms Notes References External links Navigation menuArboretum et fruticetum Britannicum"The Elm"Hortus Duroverni: Or, A Tabular and Descriptive Catalogue of Perennial Flower Roots, &c. Sold by W. Masters"British elms"The natural history of Oxford-shireThe Trees of Great Britain & IrelandArboretum Muscaviense"Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus""Contributions to the study of British Elms:- III. The Plot Elm, Ulmus plotii Druce""Coppiceana"U. campestris viminalis leaves, Cambridge University Herbarium, labelled 'Herb. J. Lindley, Ph.D., Purchased in 1866'A Manual for the Parkrystonhall.co.uk/Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogueP06882554"Significant Elms of South-Eastern Australia""1123 Lydiard Street North, Ballarat"Herbarium specimen of Withdean Park 'Viminalis', Brighton"Victorian Heritage Database"Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farmBotanic Garden Meise, Herbarium specimen BR0000010841105Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch"Bulletin de la Fédération des sociétés d'horticulture de Belgique"Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières du Sieur AudibertArboretum Segrezianum"British Elms"Handbuch der Laubholz-BenennungIllustriertes Handbuch der LaubholzkundeArboretum Muscaviense"Trees and shrubs for large towns""List of plants in the elm collection""National Trust - Hybrid Elm (Ulmus viminalis)"Accessions bookdata.rbge.org.uk, specimen E00824785"Field elm in Holyrood Palace gardens"Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm"Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853015""Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853012""Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846174""Herbarium specimen - L.1581944""Herbarium specimen - E00824880""Herbarium specimen - E00824787""Herbarium specimen - E00824785"e
U. alata (Winged elm)U. americana (American elm)U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)U. bergmanniana var. bergmannianaU. bergmanniana var. lasiophyllaU. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)U. changii (Hangzhou elm)U. changii var. changiiU. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)U. chumliaU. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)U. davidiana var. davidianaU. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)U. elongata (Long raceme elm)U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)U. glaucescens var. glaucescensU. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)U. ismaelisU. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)U. laevis (European white elm)U. laevis var. celtideaU. laevis var. parvifoliaU. laevis var. simplicidensU. lamellosa (Hebei elm)U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)U. macrocarpa var. glabraU. macrocarpa var. macrocarpaU. mexicana (Mexican elm)U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)U. minor (Field elm)U. minor subsp. minorU. minor var. italicaU. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)U. pumila (Siberian elm)U. rubra (Slippery elm)U. serotina (September elm)U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)U. wallichiana subsp. wallichianaU. wallichiana subsp. xanthodermaU. wallichiana var. tomentosaU. davidiana var. japonica × U. minorU. × arbusculaU. × arkansanaU. × brandisianaU. × diversifoliaU. × hollandica (Dutch elm)U. × hollandica var. insularumU. × intermediaU. × mesocarpaAmerican LibertyAscendensAugustineAureaBeaverlodgeBeebe's WeepingBrandonBurgoyneJFS Prince II = Colonial SpiritCollegeColumnarisCreole QueenDeadfreeDelawareExhibitionFioreiFlick's SpreaderFolia Aurea VariegataHinesIncisaIndependenceIowa StateJacksonJeffersonKimleyKlehmiiL'AssomptionLake CityLewis & ClarkLittlefordMaineMarkhamMiller ParkMinneapolis ParkMolineMordenNew HarmonyNigricansPatmorePendulaPenn TreatyPrincetonPyramidataQueen CitySheyenneSkinner UprightSt. CroixStarValley ForgeVariegataVaseWashingtonBrazos RimA-1A. Ross Central Park = Central Park SplendorBlizzardBSNUPF = EverclearBurgundyBurnley SelectCatlinChessinsChurchyardCork BarkD.B.ColeDrakeDynastyEd WoodElsmoEmer I = AthenaEmer II = AlleeEmerald PrairieFrostyGarden City CloneGeishaGloryGolden ReyHallelujahHarzam = Harrison™HokkaidoJade EmpressKing's ChoiceLittleleafLois HoleMatthewMillikenNire-keyakiOhioOrange RibbonPathfinderPendensPrairie ShadePrince RichardRed FallSabamikiSageiSeijuSelect 380SempervirensSmall FryeState FairStone's DwarfTaiwanThe ThinkerToddTrue GreenUPMTF = BosqueWare'sYarralumlaYatsubusaZettler = HeritageUlmus parvifolia f. lanceolataAureovariegataColoransHelenaOrnataPendulaPunctataUrticifoliaAdemuzAlbo-DentataAmplifoliaArgenteo-VariegataAtiniaAtinia PyramidalisAtinia VariegataBiltiiChristine BuismanConcavaefoliaCoritanaCretensisCucullataCucullata VariegataDehesa de AmanielDehesa de la VillaDicksoniiDijkwelErectaFolia Alba-PunctataGlandulosaGoodyeriHoersholmiensisHolmstruphHunnybuniiHunnybunii pseudo-StrictaLaciniataLanuginosaMajadahondaMicrophylla PendulaMicrophylla PurpureaMicrophylla RubraMonumentalisPendulaPicturataPlotiiPropendensPunctataPurpurascensPurpureaRetiroRevertiRugosaRueppelliiSarniensisSchuurhoekSilvery GemSowerbyiStrictaSuberosaUmbraculifera GracilisUmbraculiferaViminalisViminalis AureaViminalis BetulaefoliaViminalis GracilisViminalis IncisaViminalis MarginataViminalis PendulaViminalis PulverulentaViminalis StrictaVirgataWebbianaDiscoveryFreedomJacanJFS-Bieberich = Emerald SunshineMitsui CentennialProspectorRepertaResedaThomsonValidationAnsaloniAureaAurescensChinkotaDropmoreDwarf WeeperGreen KingHansenHarbinManchuMauroMr. BuzzPark RoyalPendulaPinnato-ramosaPoort BultenPusztaPyramidalis FioreiZhonghua JinyeLace ParasolAlbo-VariegataAustralisCamperdowniiCebennensisConcavaefoliaCornutaCorylifolia PurpureaCorylifoliaDovaeiFastigiata MacrophyllaFastigiata StrictaFastigiata VariegataFirmaFlavaGiganteaGittishamGrandidentataHolgeriHorizontalisInsularisLatifoliaLatifolia AureaLatifolia Aureo-VariegataLatifolia NigricansLuteo VariegataLutescensMacrophyllaMaculataMinorNanaNigraNitidaOblongataPendula MacrophyllaPendula VariegataPyrenaicaRamulosaSpectabilisSuperbaTomentosaAndrossowiiAmsterdamArnoCathedralClusiusColumellaDen HaagDodoensEscaillardFiorenteFrontierFuente UmbriaHomesteadKaragatchLobelMorfeoMorton Glossy = TriumphMorton Plainsman = VanguardMorton Red Tip = Danada CharmMorton Stalwart = CommendationMorton = AccoladeNanguen = LuteceNew HorizonPatriotPlantynPlinioRagethRebellaRebonaRecertaRegalRepuraReveraSan ZanobiSapporo Autumn GoldSapporo Gold 2StavastToledoUrbanWanoux = VadaAlbaAngustifoliaBalderBea SchwarzBelgicaBlandfordCanadian GiantCicestriaCinereaCommelinDampieriDauvesseiDaveyiDumontElegantissimaEleganto-VariegataEtruscaFastigiataFjerrestadFolia RhomboideaFrejaFulvaGaujardiiGroeneveldHaarlemensisKlemmerLokeMacrophylla AureaMajorMicrophyllaModiolinaMuscaviensisOdinPioneerPitteursSerpentinaSmithiiSuperbaTricolorTyrVegetaViminalisViscosaWentworthii PendulaWredeiYpreauCoolshadeFremontImproved CoolshadeLincolnRosehillWillisU. okanaganensis
Field elm cultivarUlmus
cultivarMastersLoudonMossDr. PlotBanburyElwesHenryEnglish ElmMelvilleU. minorU. minor 'Plotii'BoomBeanBeanaxilSchneiderBeanLoudonBallaratDutch elm diseaseBeanCambridge University Botanic GardenKew GardensWestonbirt ArboretumRoyal Victoria Park, BathRyston HallNorfolkHillierMelvilleRoyal Botanic Gardens, MelbourneBrighton and HoveCambridge University Botanic GardenGisselfeld ParkBenallaBallaratBenallaSpäth nurseryRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghEdinburghThe MeadowsHolyrood PalaceDominion ArboretumOttawaU. × hollandica 'Viminalis'RBGEHoveMepal, Cambridgeshire
Ulmus minor 'Viminalis' | |
|---|---|
 'Viminalis', The Vale, Rottingdean, Brighton | |
| Species | Ulmus minor |
| Cultivar | 'Viminalis' |
| Origin | England |
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Viminalis' [1] (:'willow-like'), occasionally referred to as the Twiggy Field Elm,[2][3] was raised by Masters in 1817, and listed in 1831 as U. campestris viminalis, without description.[4]Loudon added a general description in 1838,[2] and the Cambridge University Herbarium acquired a leaf specimen of the tree in 1866. Moss, writing in 1912, said that the Ulmus campestris viminalis from Cambridge University Herbarium was the only elm he thought agreed with the original Plot's elm (not U. minor 'Plotii') as illustrated by Dr. Plot in 1677 from specimens growing in an avenue and coppice at Hanwell near Banbury.[5][6]Elwes and Henry (1913) also considered Loudon's Ulmus campestris viminalis to be Dr Plot's elm.[7] Its 19th-century name, U. campestris var. viminalis, led the cultivar to be classified for a time as a variety of English Elm.[7] On the Continent, 'Viminalis' was the Ulmus antarctica Hort., 'zierliche Ulme' [:'dainty elm'] of Kirchner's Arboretum Muscaviense (1864).[8]
Melville considered 'Viminalis' one form, the 'type' cultivar,[9] of the natural, variable hybrid, U. minor × U. minor 'Plotii', which occurs in England where the two trees overlap, and which he called, believing U. plotii Druce a species, U. × viminalis.[10] He questioned, however, Henry's claim that 'Viminalis' was Dr Plot's elm. Writing in 1940 and referring to a pencil rubbing in Herb. Druce, vol. 113 of the Sloane Collection, he wrote "I can see no reason to doubt that this is Plot's plant," but "it is [not] U. × viminalis Lodd".[11]Boom (1959)[12] and Bean (1988)[9] listed 'Viminalis' as a cultivar and the 'type' clone of Melville's U. × viminalis.
Contents
1 Description
2 Pests and diseases
3 Cultivation
4 Notable trees
5 Cultivars
6 Synonymy
7 Accessions
7.1 North America
7.2 Europe
7.3 Australasia
8 Pseudo-'Viminalis' and 'Viminalis'-like elms
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Description
Wood (1851) described 'Viminalis' as "a neat-growing compact tree, with small foliage",[13] Henry (1913) as a "tree with ascending branches, pendulous branchlets, and sparse foliage",[7] and Bean (1981) as a "narrow-headed, rather slender tree".[9] 'Viminalis' is slow-growing; it can ultimately reach 20 m in height.[7][14] Leaves vary from obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic; they are deeply serrated, < 5.0 cm long, tapering to a nearly symmetrical base and long-acuminate at the tip, with prominent white axil tufts on the undersides.[9][7]
In his description of Ulmus antarctica Hort. (1864), Kirchner added that the leaves are more or less downward-curving, with longish petioles, and that the leaf-margins have numerous deep, double, hook-shaped teeth, "so that the leaves appear almost slit".[8]
Loudon's sketch (below) suggests that a narrow leaf was fairly uniform on his tree. The Cambridge University Herbarium specimen of Loudon's Ulmus campestris viminalis[15] shows leaves resembling both Henry's 'Viminalis' drawing[16] and Schneider's 'Antarctica' drawing,[17] confirming the synonymy. 'Viminalis' has been likened to Zelkova × verschaffeltii.[18]Bean wrote in 1936, "I have never seen it bearing fruit, although it flowers." [19]
Loudon's Ulmus campestris viminalis, with leaf sketch
U. campestris viminalis leaves, Cambridge University Herbarium, labelled 'Herb. J. Lindley, Ph.D., Purchased in 1866'[5]
1912 Gardeners' Chronicle illustration of the same, identifying specimen as Loudon's 'Viminalis'
Dr Plot's elm for comparison (1677).[5][6]
Leaf-drawing of Elwes & Henry's 'type' tree (1913)
Foliage of 'Viminalis' saplings cloned from the tree in Lydiard St, Ballarat, Victoria
Same
Pests and diseases
'Viminalis' is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease, as are the natural hybrids between Field Elm and Plot Elm (Melville's U. × viminalis), of which the type cultivar is usually considered an example.
Cultivation
'Viminalis' was valued for its ornamental qualities, Wood (1851) considering it "well adapted for the back part of shrubberies".[13]Bean (1936) called it "a charming small tree for gardens, very elegant and not growing fast".[19] Kirchner noted that the tree is not sensitive to frost.[8] Specimens were present in many of the major UK collections, including Cambridge University Botanic Garden (see 'Notable trees' below), Kew Gardens (35 ft., 1913),[7]Westonbirt Arboretum (49 ft., 1927),[20]Royal Victoria Park, Bath (1857, 1905),[21][3] and Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk (planted as U. antarctica, 1914).[22][23] 'Viminalis' remained in the catalogues of the Hillier nursery, Winchester, till the 1960s.[24] Cultivars of the 'Viminalis' type have been introduced to continental Europe, North America and Australasia, where a few specimens survive in arboreta and avenues. One tree 40 feet (12 m) in height, determined as U. × viminalis Loud. by Melville, stood by the lake at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, in 1953.[25] In the UK three mature trees survive in the Brighton and Hove area (2017).[note 1] The tree remains (2017) in cultivation in Australia.[26][27]
Spray of leaves from Rottingdean tree
Leaf from Rottingdean tree
Underside of same
Withdean Park 'Viminalis', Brighton (2015)[28]
Notable trees
Elwes and Henry list notable specimens "of this variety" (the type tree described and illustrated) in the Cambridge University Botanic Garden (70 ft) and in Gisselfeld Park, Denmark (60 ft). Three trees labelled U. 'Viminalis', pollarded in 1984,[29] stand in Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia.[30] A specimen of the same cultivar, apparently unpollarded, stands in Lydiard Street, Ballarat, Victoria.[26][27]
Two pollarded U. 'Viminalis', Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia (2006)
Leaves of Benalla U. 'Viminalis'
Cultivars
Cultivars include both sports of the type tree and elms similar enough to have been conjectured as related to it:
Viminalis Aurea, Viminalis Betulaefolia, Viminalis Gracilis, Viminalis Incisa, Viminalis Marginata, Viminalis Pendula, Viminalis Pulverulenta, Viminalis Stricta.
Synonymy
Ulmus antarctica Hort..[8]
Ulmus campestris antarctica.[31]
Ulmus campestris 'Betulinoides'.[32]
Ulmus campestris var. betulaefolia.[33][2]
U. campestris var. laciniata.[34]
U. campestris var. microphylla pendula Hort. as in synonymy.[35]
Ulmus campestris var. nuda subvar. incisa Hort.Vilv..[36] Considered "possibly U. viminalis" by Green (1964).
Ulmus campestris var. stricta.[37]
Ulmus campestris var. virginalis in synonymy.[38]- ? Ulmus campestris viminalis stricta.[39]
Ulmus gracilis Hort..[8]
Ulmus 'Masters's Twiggy'.[4]
Ulmus montana viminalis marmorata Hort..[40]
Ulmus scabra viminalis gracilis Hort..[41]
Ulmus scabra viminalis pulverulenta Hort..[42][41]
Ulmus suberosa betuloides Hort..[43]
Ulmus viminalis Lodd.[44]
Ulmus viminalis pendula.[45]
Accessions
North America
Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 499–53
Europe
Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[46] UK champion: Upper Larkrise Wood, 23 m high, 50 cm d.b.h., last surveyed in 1995.[47]
Cambridge Botanic Garden [1], University of Cambridge, UK. No details available.
Australasia
Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia. Three specimens; listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.[48]
Pseudo-'Viminalis' and 'Viminalis'-like elms
Not all clones named 'Viminalis' match the named cultivars above. Three specimens supplied by the Späth nursery to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902[49] as Ulmus campestris viminalis[50] were determined by Melville in 1958 as U. viminalis Lodd but "not the usual nothomorph".[51] One stood in the Garden itself till the late 20th century;[51] the other two may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city. An old cultivar with leaves that appear to match herbarium specimens of Späth's U. campestris viminalis [52] stands (2018) in the middle of North Walk, The Meadows, Edinburgh (see gallery); a second, possibly the same clone and age, in the grounds of Holyrood Palace (both trees lost their crowns in a 2016 gale and are regenerating).[53] The Ulmus campestris viminalis supplied by Späth and planted in 1897 at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, is likely to have been this clone (not to be confused with Späth's U. × hollandica 'Viminalis').[54]
U. campestris viminalis from Späth, in the RBGE Accessions Book
Leaves of putative U. campestris viminalis (Späth), The Meadows, Edinburgh
Samarae of Edinburgh tree
Bark of Edinburgh tree
A 'Viminalis'-like elm in Hove
Pressed leaves of Hove tree
Bark of Hove tree
A number of old non-ornamental trees believed to belong to Melville's U. × viminalis group survive (2015) in a wood in Mepal, Cambridgeshire.[55]
Non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire
Leaves of non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire
Bark of non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire
Notes
^ In Withdean Park; in Longhill School, Rottingdean; and in Brighton University, Moulsecoomb.
References
^ The name U. minor 'Viminalis' occurs in Hillier, J., and Coombes, A., The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs (Newton Abbot, 2002), p.371
^ abc Loudon, John Claudius (1838). Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum. 3. p. 1376..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ ab Inman, T. Frederic (1905). "The Elm". Proceedings of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club. 10: 37. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
^ ab Masters, W. (1831). Hortus Duroverni: Or, A Tabular and Descriptive Catalogue of Perennial Flower Roots, &c. Sold by W. Masters. p. 66. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
^ abc Moss, Charles Edward (1912). "British elms". The Gardeners' chronicle. 51: 236.
^ ab Plot, Robert (1677). The natural history of Oxford-shire. pp. 158, 212 (facing).
^ abcdef Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. 7. p. 1906.
^ abcde Petzold; Kirchner (1864). Arboretum Muscaviense. p. 551.
^ abcd
Bean, William Jackson (1988). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain (8 ed.). London: Murray. p. 659.
^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ Melville, Ronald (1940). "Contributions to the study of British Elms:- III. The Plot Elm, Ulmus plotii Druce" (PDF). The Journal of Botany. 78: 181–191. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
^ Boom, B.K. (1959). Nederlandse dendrologie. 1. p. 158.
^ ab Wood, John Frederick (1852). "Coppiceana". The Midland Florist and Suburban Horticulturist. London. 6: 365.
^ Browne, D. J. (1846). The Trees of America. Harper & Brothers, New York.
^ U. campestris viminalis leaves, Cambridge University Herbarium, labelled 'Herb. J. Lindley, Ph.D., Purchased in 1866'
^ [File:Leaf of U. 'Viminalis' from Elwes & Henry.jpg Leaf-drawing of Elwes & Henry's 'type' tree (1913)]
^ [File:Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, page 215.jpg Schneider, Camillo Karl (1906), Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, p.215, Fig. "o": f. antarctica]
^ Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs. (1977). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK.
^ ab Bean, W. J. (1936) Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition, Murray, London, vol. 2, p.621
^ Jackson, A. Bruce (1927). Catalogue of the Trees & Shrubs [at Westonbirt] in the Collection of the Late Lieut-Col. Sir George Lindsay Holford. London. p. 195.
^ Hanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
^ rystonhall.co.uk/
^ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue. c. 1920. pp. 13–14.
^ Catalogue of trees & shrubs. T & S 100. Winchester, England: Hillier and sons. 1964. pp. 158–159.
^ Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Collection: Vascular plants (P). Specimen P06882554
^ ab Shaw, Phil. "Significant Elms of South-Eastern Australia". advancedtrees.com.au. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
^ ab "1123 Lydiard Street North, Ballarat". Google Maps. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
^ Herbarium specimen of Withdean Park 'Viminalis', Brighton
^ "Victorian Heritage Database". vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au. 2008-06-16. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
^ benalla.vic.gov.au/Files/BRC_Gardens_DL.pdf
^ Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). 1899. p. 74.
^ Dieck, Georg (1887). Haupt-catalog der Obst- und gehölzbaumschulen des ritterguts Zöschen bei Merseburg. Zöschen.
^ Loddiges, Conrad (1836). Catalogue. Hackney.
^ Botanic Garden Meise, Herbarium specimen BR0000010841105
^ Hartwig, Julius; Rümpler, Theodor (1875). Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch. p. 580. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
^ Wesmael, Alfred (1862). "Bulletin de la Fédération des sociétés d'horticulture de Belgique". p. 389. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
^ Audibert, Urbain (1817). Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières du Sieur Audibert. p. 23. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
^ Lavallée, Alphonse (1877). Arboretum Segrezianum. p. 235.
^ Boulger, George (1879). "British Elms". The Gardener's Chronicle. 12: 298.
^ Beissner, L; Schelle, E; Zabel, H (1903). Handbuch der Laubholz-Benennung. p. 85.
^ ab Dieck, Georg (1885). Haupt-catalog der Obst- und gehölzbaumschulen des ritterguts Zöschen bei Merseburg. Zöschen. p. 82.
^ Dippel (1892). Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde. 2. p. 30.
^ Petzold; Kirchner (1864). Arboretum Muscaviense. p. 553.
^ Krüssman, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3)
^ Masters, William (1891). "Trees and shrubs for large towns". Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London. 13: 90.
^ "List of plants in the elm collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press,
ISBN 978-1-873580-61-5.
^ "National Trust - Hybrid Elm (Ulmus viminalis)". trusttrees.org.au. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
^ Späth's erroneous clone, data.rbge.org.uk E00824785, E00824787, E00824880
^ ab Melville's 1958 annotations to the RBGE cultivated herbarium accessions book, tree C2706
^ data.rbge.org.uk, specimen E00824785
^ "Field elm in Holyrood Palace gardens". Google Maps. June 2015. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
^ Wilkinson, Gerald, After the Elm (London 1978)
External links
"Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853015". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described U. campestris var. viminalis (Loud.) (Amsterdam specimen)
"Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853012". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. procera Salisb. var. viminalis (Loud.) Rehd. (Hortus Leiden specimen)
"Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846174". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. procera 'Viminalis' (Wageningen Arboretum specimen, 1962)
"Herbarium specimen - L.1581944". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Formerly Ulmus antarctica (Späth), 1925
"Herbarium specimen - E00824880". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; RBGE tree C2706; 1958)
"Herbarium specimen - E00824787". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; 1902)
"Herbarium specimen - E00824785". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; 1902)
Field elm cultivar, UlmusUncategorized
