Tragus (plant) References External links Navigation menuKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"Tragus"Tropicos, Tragus HallerAusgrass2, Grasses of AustraliaRLEM 610 grass taxonomy tragusFlora of China, Vol. 22 Page 495 锋芒草属 feng mang cao shu Tragus Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 203. 1768. Altervista Flora Italiana, Lappola, European Bur Grass, Klettengras, Tragus à grappes, Carretes, Tragus ArchivedBiota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps"Archived copy"the originalTragus koelerioidesThe Plant List search for TragusPlants of Hawaii Gallery: Tragus berteronianus (Non-Native)Flora of America: Illustration of Tragus bertonianus and T. racemosus195554763961082251TRGG210921332815290125gen006471224514257342215NHMSYS000046452015904TRAGUurn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331298-240016348ecb39350-a35e-49ad-ae12-141780cc7903

ChloridoideaePoaceae generaFlora of Africa


genusgrass familyAfricaAustraliaEurasiaAtlanticIndianPacific OceansArgentinamonoeciousstoloniferousannualperennialsubtropicaltropicalweedsculmsglabrousBladesligulestrichomatouspaniclescaryopsesC4photosynthesisTragusTragus



















burr grass
carrot-seed grass

Tragus australianus.jpg

Tragus australianus.

Scientific classification
Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Monocots

(unranked):

Commelinids

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Genus:

Tragus


Haller 1768 not Panz. 1813


Type species

Tragus racemosus
(L.) All.


Synonyms[1]


  • Lappago Schreb.


  • Nazia Adans.


  • Echisachys Neck.


  • Echinanthus Cerv.

Tragus, commonly called bur gras,[2]burr grass or carrot-seed grass, is a genus of plants in the grass family. It is native to Africa, Australia, and Eurasia with several species on islands in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans plus one species in Argentina.[3][4][5]


Plants are monoecious, stoloniferous, and either annual or perennial depending on the species. The genus has been introduced in subtropical and tropical areas around the world as weeds of disturbed areas. The culms (stems) are ascending or low and mat forming, glabrous, and circular in cross-section. Blades are flat or folded and linear, ligules membraneous and trichomatous. Flowers are born in narrow panicles; the primary branches are spirally arranged, each possessing 2-5 spikelets; each of these spikelets bears a single floret. Each floret has 3 stamens, the anthers of which are pale yellow. The caryopses (grains) are elliptical and golden-brown.[6][7][8]


Four species of Tragus have been introduced to North America: T. australianus, T. berteronianus, T. heptaneuron, and T. racemosus.[9] The natural chromosome count is 2n = 20 in T. berteronianus, and 2n = 40 in T. racemosus.[10]Tragus species utilize C4 photosynthesis. They prevent erosion, but make for poor grazing and in larger numbers indicate overgrazing.[11]


Species[1][12]

  1. Tragus andicola - Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)


  2. Tragus australianus - Australia, New Caledonia


  3. Tragus berteronianus - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China; introduced in North America, West Indies, South America


  4. Tragus heptaneuron - Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania


  5. Tragus koelerioides - Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa


  6. Tragus mongolorum - Mongolia, China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion


  7. Tragus pedunculatus - Namibia, Botswana


  8. Tragus racemosus - Africa + Eurasia from France and Canary Islands to South Africa to Kazakhstan

formerly included[1]

several species now regarded as better suited to other genera: Brachypodium Bromus Festuca Leptothrium Lolium Pseudechinolaena



  • Tragus alienus - Pseudechinolaena polystachya

  • Tragus elatior - Lolium arundinaceum

  • Tragus gracilis - Brachypodium sylvaticum

  • Tragus latipes - Leptothrium senegalense

  • Tragus loliaceus - Lolium arundinaceum

  • Tragus pinnatus - Brachypodium pinnatum

  • Tragus pratensis - Lolium pratense

  • Tragus pumilus - Festuca quadriflora

  • Tragus senegalensis - Leptothrium senegalense

  • Tragus unioloides - Bromus catharticus

  • Tragus varius - Festuca varia



References




  1. ^ abc Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families


  2. ^ "Tragus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 14 December 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ Haller, Albrecht von. 1768. Historia Stirpium Indigenarum Helvetiae Inchoata 2: 203


  4. ^ Tropicos, Tragus Haller


  5. ^ Ausgrass2, Grasses of Australia


  6. ^ RLEM 610 grass taxonomy tragus


  7. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 22 Page 495 锋芒草属 feng mang cao shu Tragus Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 203. 1768.


  8. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Lappola, European Bur Grass, Klettengras, Tragus à grappes, Carretes, Tragus Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine includes photos and distribution maps


  9. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps


  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2008-02-23.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  11. ^ Tragus koelerioides


  12. ^ The Plant List search for Tragus




External links


  • Plants of Hawaii Gallery: Tragus berteronianus (Non-Native)


  • Flora of America: Illustration of Tragus bertonianus and T. racemosus

Media related to Tragus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Tragus at Wikispecies








Chloridoideae, Flora of Africa, Poaceae generaUncategorized
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