Edith Houghton Hooker Contents Early years and education Career Suffrage activism Later years Publications See also References Navigation menu"Edith Houghton Hooker (1879–1948)""Edith Houghton Hooker""Houghton, Alfred""Caroline Garlinghouse Houghton""Bryn Mawr Women as Suffragists – the NAWSA Alumnae""Edith Houghton Hooker (1879–1948): Suffragist, Progressive, and Reformer""Stigma and Discrimination | Prostitution research | Page 2""Home Economics Archive: Research, Tradition, History""Women of Protest"e0000 0000 8255 7494n82058829w6641xmp6780796267807962
Margaret BrentRachel CarsonRita C. DavidsonGladys SpellmanHarriet TubmanClara BartonFrances HarperJuanita Jackson MitchellMary Shaw ShorbHelen B. TaussigBertha AdkinsEugenie ClarkLavinia EngleLena King LeeEstelle R. RameyRita R. ColwellMary Elizabeth LangeClaire McCardellBessie MosesAlta SchrockRosalyn Blake BellLucille CliftonElizabeth King EllicottJean SpencerMartha Ellicott TysonJill Moss GreenbergMary L. NockAmanda Taylor NorrisNettie Barcroft TaylorEuphemia Mary Goldsborough WillsonDiane L. AdamsSol del Ande Mendez EatonCatherine R. GiraHelen L. KossRosa PonselleFlorence Riefle BahrLillian C. ComptonEdith Houghton HookerElizabeth Fran JohnsonBernice Smith WhiteKathleen FeeleyMisbah Khan (pediatrician)Charmaine KroheEunice Kennedy ShriverSandra W. TomlinsonVirginia Walcott BeauchampEdith ClarkeKathryn J. DuFourRuth L. KirschsteinEtta H. MaddoxDebbie YowShoshanna Shoubin CardinBessie Olive ColeSusan R. PannyEdyth H. SchoenrichAnnette M.DeenerSally T. GrantPrasanna NairKaren H. RothenbergAudrey E. ScottIlia FehrerDiane E. GriffinHarriet LegumAllyson R. SolomonAnne St. Clair WrightCarol W. GreiderBarbara HoldridgeLigia PeraltaGertrude PoeLucy Diggs SloweJune A. WillenzHelen Delich BentleyJean B. CryorCharlene Mickens DukesEllen SauerbreyLinda A. ShevitzBeatrice P. TignorBeverly B. ByronE. Gail de PlanqueMary S. FeikKatherine O'BrienLinda L. SinghSue Fryer WardMarsha Coleman-AdebayoCarolyn W. ColvinDonna F. EdwardsMary Elizabeth GarrettKatharine Blodgett GebbieKathleen LedeckyHelen MaroulisLilian WelshMarielsa A. BernardAugusta T. ChissellDominique DawesVirginia HallRosa Gumataotao RiosEvelyn Williams TownsendPhyllis B. TrickettPauline Woo Tsui
1879 births1948 deathsAmerican suffragistsNational Woman's Party activistsWriters from Buffalo, New YorkPeople from BaltimoreJohns Hopkins School of Medicine alumniBryn Mawr College alumniThe Suffragist peopleJournalists from New York (state)Activists from Buffalo, New York
suffragistsocial workerMaryland Women's Hall of FameKatharine HepburnBuffalo, New YorkHoughton familyKatharine Martha Houghton HepburnBryn Mawr CollegeBaltimoreJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBerlinprostitutionpublic healthGuild of St. GeorgeGuild of St. Georgegerm theorysex educationsuffragistsNational American Woman Suffrage AssociationSocial Hygiene MovementNational Woman's PartyNineteenth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionCongressional UnionMaryland House of DelegatesMaryland SenateMaryland Women's Hall of Fame
Edith Houghton Hooker | |
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 At Bryn Mawr College in 1901 | |
| Born | Edith Houghton (1879-12-29)December 29, 1879 Buffalo, New York |
| Died | October 23, 1948(1948-10-23) (aged 68) |
| Education |
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| Occupation |
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| Relatives | See Houghton family |
| Awards | Maryland Women's Hall of Fame |
Edith Houghton Hooker (December 29, 1879 – October 23, 1948)[1][2] was an American suffragist and social worker. She was a leader of the suffrage movement in Maryland in the early twentieth century and was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. She was a maternal aunt of actress Katharine Hepburn.
Contents
1 Early years and education
2 Career
3 Suffrage activism
4 Later years
5 Publications
6 See also
7 References
Early years and education
Edith Houghton was born in 1879 in Buffalo, New York.[2] A member of the Houghton family, her parents were Caroline Garlinghouse and Alfred Augustus Houghton, and her sister was the feminist Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn.[1] Alfred A. Houghton, Edith's father, died in 1892 after committing suicide.[3] Her mother, Caroline, supported the advancement of education for women. Before Caroline died in 1894 from stomach cancer, she provided instructions regarding the education of her daughters.[4] Close relatives preferred the girls attend a traditional finishing school. After a family conflict Edith and Katharine were permitted to engage in higher education and both applied to Bryn Mawr College.[5] She attended Bryn Mawr College, graduating in 1901,[6] before moving to Baltimore to enroll at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine as one of the medical school's first female students.[1] While at Johns Hopkins, she met Donald Hooker, a professor, and married him in June 1905.[7]
Career
Hooker spent a year studying in Berlin before returning to Baltimore to commence a career in social work.[1] Her studies in Berlin included casework related to prostitution issues in the military. During the first half of the 20th century social issues involving public health, such as prostitution, could contribute to prejudice towards unwed mothers.[8] Discrimination could restrict housing options, limit the potential of marriage and financial stability.[9] Furthermore, through her research Hooker found that prostitution had been connected to some types of illness, disease and death which she wrote about in an article written for the Journal of Social Hygiene in 1919.[10] Hooker's work in Berlin led to her determination that men and women should be held equally responsible in the societal issue of prostitution.[9] In the context of public health, Hooker further develops her view of equality and women's rights in one of her key publications, The Laws of Sex .[11]
Edith and Donald Hooker established the Guild of St. George of Baltimore, which provided housing and services for unwed mothers and their children.[6] Hooker was president of the Guild of St. George from 1906-1911.[9] Through her work at the Guild she promoted awareness of public health issues and the rights of women.[10] During the years 1918-1920 Hooker continued her research and wrote several journal articles on her findings.[9] She considered sex education for both men and women an important strategy to decrease the societal costs of disease.[7] Within the medical community there was continued research on germ theory, as well as recognition of the effect of germs on disease, and attempts were being made to isolate related bacteria.[10] Hooker and other suffragists working in the public health field knew that strategically there would be a struggle because of the entrenched double standard that permeated society.[11] This kind of research further propelled Hooker in her decision to bring even greater awareness and support for sex education.[10] Similar public health and societal issues worldwide led Hooker and other suffragists to study the benefits of women's right to vote.[12]
Suffrage activism
Hooker determined that the most efficient way to achieve reform was to campaign for the right of women to vote by joining the suffrage movement in Baltimore.[2] She joined the Equal Suffrage League of Baltimore in 1907 but resigned in 1909 to found the Just Government League, an affiliate of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.[2][7] In 1910, she began educating the public about suffrage through open air meetings at locations across Maryland. As a speaker Hooker was deft with persuasive use of language and practical evidence gathered from her research. In order to promote support she noted that women's suffrage would reduce disease, improve water quality, and make women better wives.[1] This was a tactic used by Hooker and other suffragists who supported combining Social Hygiene Movement and the women's suffrage movement to improve society. Additionally, Hooker would appeal to men by noting that women active in politics, which could arise only if given the right to vote, would encourage them to discuss politics with their husbands and thereby promote better marriages.[1]
In 1912, Hooker established the Maryland Suffrage News, a weekly newspaper and the official organ of the Just Government League, and in 1917, she was invited to become the editor of The Suffragist, the weekly newspaper of the National Woman's Party.[2] The Maryland Suffrage News ceased publication in 1920 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified.[7] Hooker was also active in the Congressional Union, and was elected finance chairman of the organization's executive committee in 1915.[6] After suffrage was granted to American women, her efforts focused on introducing a bill that would ensure women equal political and civil rights. Although the bill was passed by the Maryland House of Delegates, it was rejected by the Maryland Senate; a subsequent revision, which was revised to include only a section stating that women would be allowed to hold office, was passed by both houses in 1922.[1]
Later years
Hooker died in 1948 after a seven-year illness.[1] She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1999.[2]
Publications
Houghton Hooker, Edith (1921). The Laws of Sex. Boston: R.G. Badger..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
ISBN 9781290921848
Houghton Hooker, Edith (1918). Life's Clinic: A Series of Sketches Written From Between the Lines of Some Medical Case Histories. New York: Association Press.
ISBN 978-1342525123
See also
- List of suffragists and suffragettes
- Women's rights
- Women's suffrage
- Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
- houghton family
- Katharine Hepburn
- Quaker views on women
- Social Hygiene Movement
- Frances Harper
- Madeleine Lemoyne Ellicott
References
^ abcdefgh Miyagawa, Sharon (2014). "Edith Houghton Hooker (1879–1948)". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
^ abcdef "Edith Houghton Hooker". Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. 2001. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ "Houghton, Alfred". Find a Grave.
^ Houghton, Caroline. "Caroline Garlinghouse Houghton". Find a Grave.
^ Carter, Grace May (2016). Katharine Hepburn. New Word City. pp. Chapter 1 Women are as Good as Men. ISBN 9781612309613.
^ abc "Bryn Mawr Women as Suffragists – the NAWSA Alumnae". Bryn Mawr College Library. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ abcd "Edith Houghton Hooker (1879–1948): Suffragist, Progressive, and Reformer". Teaching American History in Maryland. Maryland State Archives. June 25, 2004. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ "Stigma and Discrimination | Prostitution research | Page 2". prostitutionresearch.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
^ abcd Leaming, Barbara (2000). Katharine Hepburn. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 127. ISBN 978-0879102937.
^ abcd "Home Economics Archive: Research, Tradition, History". hearth.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
^ ab Houghton Hooker, Edith (1921). The Laws of Sex. Boston: Richard G. Badger. ISBN 9780331570724.
^ "Women of Protest". Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party Manuscripts Division Library of Congress. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
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1879 births, 1948 deaths, American suffragists, Bryn Mawr College alumni, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni, National Woman's Party activists, New York, People from Baltimore, The Suffragist people, Writers from BuffaloUncategorized
