Zhanjiang Contents History Geography Climate Administration Military Economy Transport Tourism Sports See also References External links Navigation menu21°16′12″N 110°21′25″E / 21.270°N 110.357°E / 21.270; 110.35721°16′12″N 110°21′25″E / 21.270°N 110.357°E / 21.270; 110.357www.zhanjiang.gov.cnChina Meteorological Data Service CenterWeather China"Party Secretary Zheng Renhao""Mayor: Jiang Jianjun""China's Top 10 Most Livable Cities"Zhanjiang Travel Guide: Map, History, Attractions中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码"Zhanjiang eyes economic growth through industrial projects""Last years Zhanjaing GDP Growth in 10 percent""Zhanjiang's investment boom takes off""Offshore oil development to benifit Zhanjiang's economy""CNOOC set to break new ground at Wushi oilfield"World Port Source"Port of Zhanjiang""Annual Report of Zhanjiang for 2014""Combine Agriculture with Tourism"Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone"Then Environmental Protection in Steel Project of Zhanjiang""French-stryle Street Attract Thousands of People"Huguangyan Scenic Area – Zhanjiang – Reviews of Huguangyan Scenic Area – TripAdvisorSouth Asia Subtropical Botanical GardenTravel and Tourism Website – The sights"Uncovering a city's past"Official website of Zhanjiang Governmenteeeeee6130385-9n82217660bef0487a-ca89-4af7-94f0-86b507d903f1156679966156679966

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Zhanjiang


Chinesepinyinprefecture-level cityGuangdongHainanChikanXiashanPotouMazhangQin DynastyHan DynastyLeizhou PeninsulaMaritime Silk RoadTangSongPutian peopleFrenchKouang-Tchéou-WanWorld War IICharles de GaulleGuangxiHunan-Guangxi RailwayGuangzhouLeizhou PeninsulaGuangdong–Hainan RailwayHainan StraitHaikouPinyinGuangzhouSouth China SeaLeizhou PeninsulaCantoneseLeizhou MinMazhang DistrictLeizhou CityHakkahumid subtropical climateKöppenSouth Sea FleetPeople's Liberation Army NavyshipyardWushi oil fieldPort of Zhanjiangdeep water ports in ChinaGuangzhouwanPeople's Liberation Army NavySouth Sea Fleetoff shore support vesselsZhanjiang AirportIATAICAOLitang-Zhanjiang RailwayGuangxibranch line off the Litang-Zhanjiang Line at HechunMaomingLuoyang-Zhanjiang RailwayGuangdong-Hainan RailwayHainan IslandZhanjiang EightZhanjiang Olympic Main StadiumDirect-controlled MunicipalitiesSub-provincial cities as provincial capitalsSeparate state-planning citiesSpecial Economic Zone CitiesCoastal development citiesOroqen Autonomous BannerTaiwanTemplate:Administrative divisions of the Republic of China






Prefecture-level city in Guangdong, People's Republic of China
























































Zhanjiang


.mw-parser-output .noboldfont-weight:normal
湛江市

Prefecture-level city

Zhanjiang Bay Bridge with Chikan's Skyline in the background
Zhanjiang Bay Bridge with Chikan's Skyline in the background

Nickname(s): 
Harbour City (港城)


Location of Zhanjiang City jurisdiction in Guangdong
Location of Zhanjiang City jurisdiction in Guangdong



Zhanjiang is located in China

Zhanjiang

Zhanjiang



Location in China

Coordinates (Zhanjiang government): 21°16′12″N 110°21′25″E / 21.270°N 110.357°E / 21.270; 110.357Coordinates: 21°16′12″N 110°21′25″E / 21.270°N 110.357°E / 21.270; 110.357
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
Municipal seatChikan District
Government

 • CPC Party Chief

Zheng Renhao (郑人豪)[1]
 • Mayor

Jiang Jianjun (姜建军)[2]
Area

 • Prefecture-level city
12,490 km2 (4,820 sq mi)
 • Urban

1,360 km2 (530 sq mi)
 • Metro

1,360 km2 (530 sq mi)
Elevation

21 m (69 ft)
Population
(2010 census)

 • Prefecture-level city
6,994,832
 • Density560/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Urban

1,611,868
 • Urban density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
 • Metro

1,611,868
 • Metro density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Time zone
UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
524000
Area code(s)759
ISO 3166 codeCN-GD-08
Major Nationalities
Han
County-level divisions9

License Plate Prefix
粤G
GDP2010
 - Total
CNY 140.28 billion
 - per capita
CNY 20,048
Local dialect
Hakka
Leizhou Min
Cantonese
Websitewww.zhanjiang.gov.cn
























Zhanjiang

ZJ name.svg
"Zhanjiang", as written in Chinese

Chinese湛江
Jyutpingzaam3gong1

Cantonese Yale
Jaamgōng
Hanyu PinyinZhànjiāng

PostalTsamkong
Fort-Bayard (pre-1946)
Literal meaningAzure River


















Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese广州湾
Traditional Chinese廣州灣
JyutpingGwong2 zau1 waan1

Cantonese Yale
Gwóngjāuwāan
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōuwān

PostalKouang-Tchéou-Wan (pre-1946)













Zhanjiang (Chinese: 湛江; pinyin: Zhànjiāng; Jyutping: Zaam3 Gong1; Leizhou Min: Tchiàm-kōng) is a prefecture-level city at the southwestern end of Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, facing Hainan to the south.


Its population was 6,994,832 inhabitants at the 2010 census. 1,611,868 live in the built-up area made of four urban districts: Chikan, Xiashan, Potou and Mazhang. In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.[3]




Contents





  • 1 History

    • 1.1 Imperial China era


    • 1.2 French colonial period


    • 1.3 Post–World War II



  • 2 Geography


  • 3 Climate


  • 4 Administration


  • 5 Military


  • 6 Economy

    • 6.1 Port of Zhanjiang


    • 6.2 Agriculture


    • 6.3 Industry


    • 6.4 Business



  • 7 Transport

    • 7.1 Air


    • 7.2 Rail



  • 8 Tourism

    • 8.1 Major theme attractions


    • 8.2 French architectural monuments



  • 9 Sports


  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




History



Imperial China era


During the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC), the area belonged to Xiang Shire. The central government of the Han Dynasty (206 BC−220 AD) set Xuwen County administering the whole Leizhou Peninsula. It was one of the earliest departure points on the Maritime Silk Road. The population spiked during the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties.
Large numbers of Putian people immigrated to the peninsula during the Song dynasty and soon formed Zhanjiang's linguistic and ethnic majority.



French colonial period



The region was still a small fishing port when it was occupied by the French in 1898. The next year, the French forced the Chinese to lease a small enclave of Zhanjiang to them for 99 years (or until 1997, as the British did in Hong Kong's New Territories and as the Germans did in the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory) as the territory of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan. The French wanted to develop the port, which they called Fort-Bayard, to serve southern China, in parts where France had exclusive rights to railway and mineral development. Their efforts, however, were hindered by the poverty of the surrounding land. The French retained control of the region until 1943, when the Japanese occupied the area during World War II. At the end of the war, the region returned briefly under French rule before being formally returned to China in 1946 by General Charles de Gaulle, then French head of state.



Post–World War II


Upon receiving the territory from the French, the Republic of China government decided to rename Kouang-Tchéou-Wan. The area was historically under the jurisdiction of Zhanchuan county, with a Zhanchuan customs post on the eastern island of the territory. As "Zhanjiang" was a historical variant of "Zhanchuan", it was decided to name the city "Zhanjiang".


Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, Zhanjiang developed new importance. In 1955 a rail link was built to Litang in Guangxi province, where it joined the Hunan-Guangxi Railway. Since then, Zhanjiang has developed into a major modern port serving southern China, usable by ships of up to 50,000 tons. In 1984 Zhanjiang was designated one of the "open" cities of China, where the central government invited foreign investment; this spurred the city's further industrial development. It has shipyards and engineering works; automobile, electrical-appliance, and textile plants; and sugar refineries, flour and rice mills, and chemical works.


In the early 1990s a new rail line was completed, linking Zhanjiang with Guangzhou, the provincial capital. The line was later extended to Hai'an, at the southernmost tip of Leizhou Peninsula, where trains could be transported by Guangdong–Hainan Ferry (part of the Guangdong–Hainan Railway) across the Hainan Strait to Haikou.



Until the introduction of Pinyin spelling, it was often known in the west as "Tsamkiang", "Chankiang" or "Tsamkong", the last name deriving from the Cantonese pronunciation of the name.





 China


Jiawu War


Xinhai Revolution


WWII


Civil War


Sino-Soviet split




Qing Empire
China


Republic of China
China   China


People's Republic of China
China




 Zhanjiang


Sino-French Guangzhou Bay Concession Treaty


The Settlement of Guangzhou Bay Concession Convention




Qing rule
China


French rule
France

JP
Japan


ROC
Republic of China (1912–1949)


People's Pepublic of China
China




1858


1868


1878


1888


1898


1908


1918


1928


1938


1948


1958


1968


1978


1988


1998


2008






Geography


Zhanjiang is to the southwest of the city of Guangzhou on an inlet of the South China Sea. It is on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula.


The spoken language in newly established city's northern downtown districts is largely Cantonese while the Leizhou Min language is the prestige language spoken in Mazhang District, Leizhou City and other nearby counties also speak the Leizhou Min as well. The dialect in Lianjiang County is Hakka. The time zone for Zhanjiang, as with all locations in the People's Republic of China, is Beijing time (GMT +8).



Climate


Zhanjiang has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with short, mild, overcast winters and long, very hot, humid summers. The monthly daily average temperature in January is 16.2 °C (60.6 °F), and in July is 29.1 °C (84.2 °F). From April to September, rainfall is the heaviest and most frequent. Influenced by the ocean climate, Zhanjiang escapes the heat of the summer and chilliness of the winter.[4]





















































































































Administration


Zhanjiang has direct jurisdiction over nine county-level divisions:



















































































































































Administrative divisions of Zhanjiang



Division code[5]
English name

Chinese

Pinyin
Area in km2[6]Population 2010[7]Seat
Postal code
Divisions[8]

Subdistricts

Towns

Townships

Residential communities

Administrative villages
440800Zhanjiang City


湛江市
Zhànjiāng Shì13225.446,994,832Chikan District524000378222981500
440802
Chikan District
赤坎区Chìkǎn Qū70.85303,824Nanqiao Subdistrict52400082532
440803
Xiashan District
霞山区Xiáshān Qū116.97487,093Gongnong Subdistrict524000124932
440804
Potou District
坡头区Pōtóu Qū562.37333,239Nandiao Subdistrict52400025858
440811
Mazhang District
麻章区Mázhāng Qū970.09487,712Mazhang Town5240003413100
440823
Suixi County
遂溪县Suìxī Xiàn2142.89886,452Suicheng Town5243001525229
440825
Xuwen County
徐闻县Xúwén Xiàn1954.37698,474Wencheng Subdistrict524100112225173
440881
Lianjiang
廉江市Liánjiāng Shì2839.891,443,099Luozhou Subdistrict52440031847336
440882
Leizhou
雷州市Léizhōu Shì3707.101,427,664Leicheng Subdistrict52420031853418
440883
Wuchuan
吴川市Wúchuān Shì860.90927,275Meilu Subdistrict52450051053141


Military


Zhanjiang is headquarters of the South Sea Fleet of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It is also home base to two marine brigades.



Economy


Zhanjiang is a port city and trade center with a diversified industrial base, including a shipyard, textile plants, sugar refineries. plants producing automobiles, chemicals and electrical appliances as well as rice mills. From 2012 to 2014, economy of Zhanijang grew to a new level. In 2013, with 92 different key projects, the total investment reaches 306.9 millions.[9] In 2014, the GDP of Zhanjiang was 225.87 billions yuan. The growth of GDP was 10 percent. Industrial enterprises above designated size added value of 73.49 billions yuan. Fixed Investment was 102 billions yuan and the growth was about 30 percent. Also, the total retail sales of consumer goods was 116 million dollars with growth of 13.e percent.[10] The government believes that the GDP of Zhanjiang will be double on 2017 to achieve 400 billion and the speed of GDP growth will stay nearly 12 percent.[11] With the opening up of the Wushi oil field in the South China sea, off the coast of Zhanjiang in 2016, the city has assumed further importance in the oil and gas exploration activities in the South China Sea.[12][13]



Port of Zhanjiang


The Port of Zhanjiang is one of the finest deep water ports in China. In history, it was called by Guangzhouwan
. It is the southernmost port on the coast of mainland China and serves as a shipping outlet for much of Southwest China. The port of Zhanjiang, built in 1956, was the first modern port designed and developed after the founding of the People's Republic of China and serves as the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army Navy's South Sea Fleet.[14] The Zhanjiang Port is one of the eight major ports in China, with an annual throughput of more than 2,600 million tons. As a natural port, it has about 60 kilometers depth and three islands outside to support. The port helps people in the provinces in South and West China to go to sea quickly and easily. Also, it allows Zhanjiang to be open to navigation with more than 100 countries nowadays. It is important to the development of steel industry in Zhanjiang.[15] the port also services off shore support vessels plying to oil rigs and craft in the Wushi oil field.[13]



Agriculture


Sugarcane production was Zhanjiang's most prominent agricultural product in 2007: in 2006 it was 9,135,500 tons and it was 10,000,000 tons in 2007. Akoya cultured pearls, pineapples, bananas, papayas, seafood, farm-raised prawns and fish are native products and play a prominent role in the agricultural economy of Zhanjiang.


In 2014, the modern agriculture of Zhanjiang keeps increasing. There were 14 new leading enterprises of agriculture in the city. And the high-standard basic farmland increased 730 thousands mu of land.[16]


With the effect of Guangdong and Taiwan Agricultural Cooperation Project, Zhanjiang and Taiwan keeps increasing the depth of cooperation. The aspects of cooperation includes tropical products, fishery industry, animal husbandry and ecological agriculture. The government is trying to improve the platform of cooperation and construct more test sites for cooperative agricultural experiments.[17]



Industry


Industrial economy to make a breakthrough, a marked increase in the number of units. Zhanjiang in 2007 of all industrial output value of 112.134 billion yuan, up 17.1 percent, a growth rate of nearly four-year high of 15.3 billion net increase over the previous year. In 2007 the city's industrial enterprises above designated size reached 714, 71 more than the year before, industrial output value of over 100 million of the 132 enterprises.


Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone was founded in 1984. Its total planned area is 9.2 km2 (3.6 sq mi). The zone has a very good location for transportation. It is very convenient to get to the airport, the national highway G325 as well as the port. The major industries in the zone including automobile assembly, biotechnology and computer software.[18]


The steel industry is developing during 2010 to 2013. The large-scale project of iron, steel and petrochemical began to construct in 2013. This project is aimed at promoting the local economy by producing 15 million metric tons of crude oil and 1 million tons of ethylene annually when the operation of the steel industry activate in 2017. The expected output of the project is near 300 billions yuan which will stimulate the development of economy of Zhanjiang notably. The main market of the steel industry will focus South China and Southeast Asia. But the protect of environment also becomes an important issue during the growth of industry.[9] 8% of 50 billions yuan total investment in this project will be used to environmental protection and energy saving.[19]



Business


In 2007 the total value of retail sales of consumer goods in Zhanjiang was 38.216 billion yuan, an increase of 19.5% over the previous 12 years.


In 2014, Zhanjiang constructed a French-style street with the theme of travel and leisure. The project not only tried to protect and renew the old French-style building, but also would lead the development of fashion business of the city. The whole street was separated into five areas. They are respectively shopping area, food area, culture are, special commerce area and show of art area. According to statistics, the visitor reached 110,000 people during Christmas 2014. Those visitors directly brought 300 millions yuan combustion to the street.[20]




Transport





Zhanjiang Bay Bridge in 2008



Air


The city is served by the Zhanjiang Airport (IATA: ZHA, ICAO: ZGZJ).



Rail


The Litang-Zhanjiang Railway runs from Zhanjiang inland to Guangxi. A branch line off the Litang-Zhanjiang Line at Hechun to Maoming connects Zhanjiang with Guangdong's rail network to the east. A direct rail connection between Zhanjiang and Maoming, which will form the southernmost section of the Luoyang-Zhanjiang Railway, is under construction. The Guangdong-Hainan Railway runs south from Zhanjiang down the Leizhou Peninsula to Hai'an where trains are ferried to Hainan Island's rail network.



Tourism


The well-known tourist attractions, the "Zhanjiang Eight", are as follows:


  1. East Island

  2. Huguangyan National Geopark:[21] This scenic area is a national geological park famous for its natural volcano relic. It has the most typical and largest maar (volcanic) lake in the world.[4]

  3. View of the sea promenade

  4. Park Jin-inch

  5. Lighthouse

  6. South Asia Subtropical Botanical Garden[22]

  7. South Isles


  8. Zhanjiang Port: in the southeast part of the city proper, it once had passenger transport station operating liner to reach Haikou. However, there are no longer passenger liners directly from the city proper to Haikou. Visitors should go to the Hai'an Dock in Xuwen County for this connection.[4]


  9. Donghai Island: It ranks as the fifth largest island in China. A popular holiday resort has been built on the east side. In addition to the forest and beautiful sea, it has a 28-kilometer-long beach.[4]


  10. Naozhou Island: This is a beautiful island that is favorable for a visit at any season. The Naozhou Lighthouse with over a hundred years' history is the highlight of the island.[4]


Major theme attractions





  • South Park

  • North Park

  • Hoi Tin Park

  • Southern tropical garden[22]

  • Sino-Australian Friendship Garden[23]

  • Jin Sha Wan Park


  • Golden Bay promenade Guanhai[24]

  • Zhanjiang Waterfront Park

  • Park fishing port

  • Xia Lake Park

  • Green River Wetland Park

  • Cunjin Bridge Park


French architectural monuments


  • French minister to the Department of the Guangzhou Bay

  • France, the Police Department, Guangzhou Bay

  • St. Victor Roman Catholic Church[25]

  • Calyon site

  • Guangzhou Bay Chamber of Commerce Center


Sports


Football is the most popular sport in the city. The Zhanjiang Olympic Main Stadium, which has a capacity of 40,000, is the largest sports venue by capacity in Zhanjiang. It opened in 2015.



See also


  • List of twin towns and sister cities in China


References




  1. ^ "Party Secretary Zheng Renhao". Zhanjiang Municipal Government. Retrieved 8 January 2019..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Mayor: Jiang Jianjun". Zhanjiang Municipal Government. Retrieved 8 January 2019.


  3. ^ "China's Top 10 Most Livable Cities". hnloudi.gov.cn. Hunan Loudi Official Government. 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2014-08-04.


  4. ^ abcde Zhanjiang Travel Guide: Map, History, Attractions. Travelchinaguide.com.


  5. ^ 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs.


  6. ^ 湛江市国土资源局. 《湛江市土地利用总体规划(2006-2020年)》 (in Chinese).


  7. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.


  8. ^ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Chinese). China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.


  9. ^ ab Qiu, Quanlin (March 14, 2013). "Zhanjiang eyes economic growth through industrial projects". Chinadaily. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  10. ^ Guan, Jiayu (January 27, 2015). "Last years Zhanjaing GDP Growth in 10 percent". Guangzhou Daily. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  11. ^ "Zhanjiang's investment boom takes off". ChinaDaily. Dec 26, 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  12. ^ Xiating, Cao (12 March 2015). "Offshore oil development to benifit Zhanjiang's economy". China Daily - Zhanjiang news. Retrieved 21 September 2017.


  13. ^ ab "CNOOC set to break new ground at Wushi oilfield". Upstream news. Retrieved 21 September 2017.


  14. ^ World Port Source. World Port Source.


  15. ^ "Port of Zhanjiang". baidu.com. baidu. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  16. ^ Wang, Zhongbign (Feb 9, 2015). "Annual Report of Zhanjiang for 2014". Zhanjiang Daily. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  17. ^ Mo, Songmeng (Feb 4, 2015). "Combine Agriculture with Tourism". Zhanjiang Daily. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  18. ^ Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. RightSite.asia.


  19. ^ Yu, Yue (July 1, 2014). "Then Environmental Protection in Steel Project of Zhanjiang". Nanfang City Daily News. Retrieved 10 February 2015.


  20. ^ Zhuo, Chaoxing (Dec 28, 2014). "French-stryle Street Attract Thousands of People". Zhanjiang News. Retrieved 18 February 2015.


  21. ^ Huguangyan Scenic Area – Zhanjiang – Reviews of Huguangyan Scenic Area – TripAdvisor. Tripadvisor.in.


  22. ^ ab South Asia Subtropical Botanical Garden. At0086.com.


  23. ^ http://www.pawseyprowse.com/la_sino_australian.html


  24. ^ Travel and Tourism Website – The sights. China-Zhanjiang.


  25. ^ "Uncovering a city's past", Li Wenfang, China Daily, 25 April 2013



External links






  • Official website of Zhanjiang Government











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