Charles Pinckney (governor) Contents Early life and education Marriage and family Career Legacy and honors See also References External links Navigation menu32°46′45″N 79°55′45″W / 32.7792°N 79.9291°W / 32.7792; -79.9291Signers of the Constitution: historic places commemorating the signing of the Constitution (The National survey of historic sites and buildings, v. 19)Congressional GlobeA Framework for Civic Educationthe original"The Bill of Rights: Almost an Afterthought?""Charles Pinckney (id: P000354)"SCIway Biography of Charles PinckneyNGA Biography of Charles PinckneyThe Plan of Charles Pinckneyeeee1298516630000 0000 3520 4995n85174191w6jq1dh3P0003542323040923230409

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1757 births1824 deathsSigners of the United States ConstitutionGovernors of South CarolinaUniversity of South Carolina trusteesUnited States Senators from South CarolinaMembers of the United States House of Representatives from South CarolinaAmbassadors of the United States to SpainPinckney familyAmerican proslavery activistsContinental Congressmen from South Carolina18th-century American politiciansSouth Carolina militiamen in the American RevolutionAmerican Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great BritainSouth Carolina FederalistsSouth Carolina Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republican Party United States SenatorsMembers of the Middle Temple19th-century American diplomatsDemocratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of RepresentativesFederalist Party state governors of the United StatesDemocratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States


United States Constitution37th GovernorSouth CarolinaUS SenatorHouse of RepresentativesCharles Cotesworth PinckneyRhettCharleston, South CarolinaColonel Charles PinckneylawyerMiles BrewtonRebecca Brewton MotteSnee FarmplantationHenry Laurensslave traderJohn LaurensDavid RamsayJohn RutledgeelectedContinental CongressWarlieutenantsiege of SavannahUnited StatesMississippi RiverSnee FarmAshepoo RiverSavannah RiverSantee RiverConstitutional ConventionJames MadisonVirginia PlanEdmund RandolphPierce ButlerFugitive Slave ClauseJames Wilsonfugitive slavesThirteenth Amendmentslavery"no religious test"Federalist PartyJay's TreatyDemocratic-RepublicansU.S. SenateThomas JeffersonSpainLouisianaFranceLouisiana PurchaseUnited States House of RepresentativesMissouri Compromise





























































Charles Pinckney
Charles Pinckney.jpg
37th Governor of South Carolina

In office
December 1, 1806 – December 10, 1808
LieutenantJohn Hopkins
Preceded byPaul Hamilton
Succeeded byJohn Drayton

In office
December 1, 1796 – December 6, 1798
LieutenantRobert Anderson
Preceded byArnoldus Vanderhorst
Succeeded byEdward Rutledge

In office
January 26, 1789 – December 5, 1792
Lieutenant
Alexander Gillon
Isaac Holmes
Preceded byThomas Pinckney
Succeeded byWilliam Moultrie
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st district

In office
March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1821
Preceded byHenry Middleton
Succeeded byJoel Roberts Poinsett
United States Minister to Spain

In office
March 1802 – October 25, 1804
PresidentThomas Jefferson
Preceded byDavid Humphreys
Succeeded byJames Bowdoin III

United States Senator
from South Carolina

In office
December 6, 1798 – June 6, 1801
Preceded byJohn Hunter
Succeeded byThomas Sumter
Delegate from South Carolina to the Congress of the Confederation

In office
November 1, 1784 – October 30, 1787
1st President of the South Carolina Senate

In office
August 31, 1779 – January 8, 1782
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byJohn Lloyd
Member of the South Carolina Senate from St. Phillip's and St. Michael's Parish

In office
August 31, 1779 – January 8, 1782
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from St. Phillip's and St. Michael's Parish

In office
November 26, 1810 – November 28, 1814
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Christ Church Parish

In office
November 24, 1806 – December 9, 1806

In office
November 26, 1792 – December 8, 1796

In office
January 1, 1787 – January 21, 1789

Personal details
Born
(1757-10-26)October 26, 1757
Charles Town, South Carolina (now Charleston)
DiedOctober 29, 1824(1824-10-29) (aged 67)
Charleston, South Carolina
Resting placeSaint Philip's Episcopal Church Cemetery, Charleston
32°46′45″N 79°55′45″W / 32.7792°N 79.9291°W / 32.7792; -79.9291
Political partyFederalist
Other political
affiliations
Democratic-Republican
Spouse(s)Mary Eleanor Laurens
Relations
Colonel Charles Pinckney (father)
Frances Brewton (mother)
Children3
Residence"Snee Farm", Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
Profession
Lawyer, Statesman

Charles Pinckney (October 26, 1757 – October 29, 1824) was an American planter and politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution. He was elected and served as the 37th Governor of South Carolina, later serving two more non-consecutive terms. He also served as a US Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. He was first cousin once removed of fellow signer Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.


Pinckney's descendants included seven future South Carolina governors, including men related to the Maybank and Rhett families.




Contents





  • 1 Early life and education


  • 2 Marriage and family


  • 3 Career


  • 4 Legacy and honors


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links




Early life and education




Armorial Achievement of Charles Pinckney


Pinckney was born and educated in Charleston, South Carolina. His father, Colonel Charles Pinckney, was a rich lawyer and planter. His mother was Frances Brewton (b. 1733), daughter of a goldsmith and his wife, and sister of Miles Brewton and Rebecca Brewton Motte, who were both also prominent in Charleston history.


His father had signed a loyalty oath to the British after they occupied Charleston in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War. This enabled him to keep his property. On his death in 1782, the senior Pinckney bequeathed Snee Farm, a plantation outside the city, and his numerous slaves, to his eldest son Charles.



Marriage and family


Busy with the war and his political career, Pinckney did not marry until 1787. He married Mary Eleanor Laurens, daughter of Henry Laurens, the wealthy and politically powerful South Carolina slave trader. They had at least three children.


Among his in-laws were Colonel John Laurens and U.S. Representative David Ramsay. A brother-in-law married the daughter of South Carolina Governor John Rutledge.



Career


He was elected as a delegate to the Third Continental Congress (1777–78). He started to practice law in Charleston in 1779 at the age of 21. About that time, well after the War for Independence had begun, young Pinckney enlisted in the militia. He became a lieutenant, and served at the siege of Savannah (September–October 1779). When Charleston fell to the British the next year, the young Pinckney was captured; he was held as a prisoner until June 1781 and sent north for a potential exchange. He did not return to Charleston until 1783.


(His father was also captured. Along with more than 160 men, Colonel Pinckney agreed to sign an oath of allegiance to the British, in order to avoid having his property confiscated and destroyed. After the war, Pinckney was fined 12% on his property for having sworn a Loyalist allegiance.)


Pinckney was elected again to the Continental Congress following the war, serving 1784–87. He was elected to the state legislature for several terms (1779–80, 1786–89, and 1792–96). As a nationalist, he worked hard in Congress trying to ensure that the United States would receive navigation rights from Spain to the Mississippi River and to strengthen congressional power.


Pinckney eventually owned several plantations and a townhouse in Charleston in addition to Snee Farm: Frankville and Hopton, situated on both sides of the Congaree River, five miles from Columbia; a plantation in Georgetown consisting of 560 acres of tidal swamp and 600 acres of high land; a tract of 1200 acres called Lynches Creek; Fee Farm on the Ashepoo River; Shell Hall, a house with four acres of land at Haddrell's Point in Christ Church Parish; a house and garden lot on Meeting Street, Charleston; Wright's Savannah plantation on the Carolina side of the Savannah River; and a tract of land on the Santee River above the canal, including a ferry, called Mount Tacitus. After Pinckney married Eleanor Laurens in 1788, the elegant three-storied brick home at 16 Meeting Street in Charleston presumably became his principal residence. In the 1790 federal census, he is recorded as holding "14
slaves in St. Philip's and St. Michael's Parish, 52 slaves in St. Bartholomew, and 45 slaves in the Orangeburg District", all in addition to Snee Farm, where his father's probate record had listed 40 slaves in 1787.[1]


Pinckney's role in the Constitutional Convention is controversial. Although one of the youngest delegates, he later claimed to have been the most influential one and contended he had submitted a draft, known as the Pinckney Plan, that was the basis of the final Constitution. This was strongly disputed by James Madison and some of the other framers.[2]


Pinckney submitted an elaborate form of the Virginia Plan, proposed first by Edmund Randolph, but it was disregarded by the other delegates. Historians assess him as an important contributing delegate.[3] Pinckney boasted that he was 24, allowing him to claim distinction as the youngest delegate, but he was 29 years old at the time of the convention.[4] He attended full-time, spoke often and effectively, and contributed to the final draft and to resolution of problems that arose during the debates. He also worked for ratification of the constitution in South Carolina (1788).


At the Convention, Pierce Butler and Pinckney, both from South Carolina, introduced the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section II, Clause III). James Wilson of Pennsylvania objected, saying that it was special protection for slaveholders, requiring all state governments to enforce it at taxpayers' expense, in places where no one or most residents did not own slaves. Butler withdrew the clause. But, the next day, a southerner reinstated the clause and the Convention adopted it without further objection. This clause was added to the clause that provided extradition for fugitives from justice.[5]


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No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.


This clause was first applied to fugitive slaves and required that they be extradited upon the claims of their masters. Despite the clause, free states sometimes declined to enforce it. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 increased requirements on the states and penalties for failure to assist in the return of slaves. This practice was not eliminated until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished the institution of slavery. In 1864, during the Civil War, an effort to repeal this clause of the Constitution had failed.[6]


Pinckney introduced a clause into the Constitution article VI, in opposition to an established state religion. His "no religious test" clause read as follows:



no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States


Once the inclusion of the phrase was brought to a vote, it passed with little opposition. For the first time, an official of a national government was not required to have a religion.[7][8]


Pinckney's political career blossomed. From 1789 to 1792, the state legislature elected him as governor of South Carolina, and in 1790 he chaired the state constitutional convention. During this period, he became associated with the Federalist Party, in which he and his cousin Charles Cotesworth Pinckney were leaders. But, with the passage of time, the former's views began to change.


In 1795 he attacked the Federalist-backed Jay's Treaty. He increasingly began to cast his lot with Carolina back-country Democratic-Republicans against his own eastern elite. The population in the western part of the state was increasing, but legislative apportionment favored the Low Country planters. In 1796 Pinckney was elected governor again by the state legislature. In 1798 his Democratic-Republican supporters in the legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate.


He strongly opposed actions by his former party. In the presidential election of 1800, he served as Thomas Jefferson's campaign manager in South Carolina. The victorious Jefferson appointed Pinckney as Minister to Spain (1801–05). He tried but did not succeed in gaining cession by Spain of the Floridas to the United States. He facilitated Spanish acquiescence in the transfer of Louisiana from France to the United States in 1803 by the Louisiana Purchase. (Spain had already returned rule of this territory to France under Napoleon.)




Pinckney's grave at St. Philip's in Charleston


Pinckney returned from Spain to Charleston and to leadership of the state Democratic-Republican Party. He served in the legislature in 1805–06, and was elected again as governor (1806–08). In this position, he favored legislative reapportionment, in order to give more fair representation to back-country districts. He also advocated universal white manhood suffrage. He served again in the legislature from 1810 to 1814, and then temporarily withdrew from politics. In 1818 he won election to the United States House of Representatives, where he fought against the Missouri Compromise. A major slaveholder whose wealth depended on enslaved labor at his plantations, he supported expansion of the institution of slavery to new territories and states.


In 1821, with his health beginning to fail, Pinckney retired for the last time from politics. He died in 1824.



Legacy and honors


  • Pinckney's Snee Farm plantation is maintained as Charles Pinckney National Historic Site.

  • His son, Henry L. Pinckney (September 24, 1794 – February 3, 1863) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina, and mayor of Charleston. His daughter married Robert Young Hayne, who became a U.S. Representative, mayor of Charleston, and governor of South Carolina.

  • Charles Pinckney was also a Freemason and a member of Solomon’s Lodge No. 1 in Charleston, South Carolina.


See also



  • U.S. Constitution, slavery debate in Convention


References



  • United States. National Park Service. (1976), Signers of the Constitution: historic places commemorating the signing of the Constitution (The National survey of historic sites and buildings, v. 19), retrieved November 3, 2007.mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

  • Marty D. Mathews, Forgotten Founder: The Life and Times of Charles Pinckney (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2004).



  1. ^ [https://archive.org/stream/charlespinckneyn00vinc/charlespinckneyn00vinc_djvu. Susan Hart Vincent, of Historic Land Design, Charles Pinckney National Historic Site: Cultural Landscape Report, pp. 16-18, Department of Interior, 1998, full text at Internet Archive


  2. ^ James Madison on the Pinckney Plan, Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/farrand-the-records-of-the-federal-convention-of-1787-vol-3#lf0544-03_head_424.


  3. ^ MacDonald Forrest,E Pluribus Anum: The Formation of the American Republic 1776–1790(Houghton Mifflin Company:Library of Congress Catalog Card: 65-111322) 1965 pp. 166–167.


  4. ^ Yates Publishing. U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560–1900 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: The Generations Network, Inc., 2004.


  5. ^ Paul Finkelman, Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson, p. 82, 2nd Edition, 2001.


  6. ^ The vote in the House was 69 for repeal and 38 against, which was short of the two-to-one vote required to amend the Constitution. See the Congressional Globe, 38th Cong., 1st Sess., 1325 (1864)


  7. ^ Drawn from original source: Charles C. Haynes (1991). "overview: history of religious liberty in America". A Framework for Civic Education. Council for the Advancement of Citizenship and the Center for Civic Education. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15.


  8. ^ Drawn from original source: "The Individual Liberties within the Body of the Constitution: A Symposium: The No Religious Test Clause and the Constitution of Religious Liberty: A Machine That Has Gone of Itself." Case Western Reserve Law Review 37: 674–747. Dreisbach, Daniel L. 1999. "The Bill of Rights: Almost an Afterthought?". ABC-CLIO. 2011.




External links



  • United States Congress. "Charles Pinckney (id: P000354)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

  • SCIway Biography of Charles Pinckney

  • NGA Biography of Charles Pinckney


  • The Plan of Charles Pinckney – Submitted as an alternative to the Virginia Plan



















Political offices
Preceded by
Thomas Pinckney

Governor of South Carolina
1789–1792
Succeeded by
William Moultrie
Preceded by
Arnoldus Vanderhorst

Governor of South Carolina
1796–1798
Succeeded by
Edward Rutledge
Preceded by
Paul Hamilton

Governor of South Carolina
1806–1808
Succeeded by
John Drayton

U.S. Senate
Preceded by
John Hunter

U.S. Senator (Class 2) from South Carolina
1798–1801
Served alongside: Jacob Read, John Ewing Colhoun
Succeeded by
Thomas Sumter
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
David Humphreys

U.S. Minister to Spain
1802–1804
Succeeded by
George W. Erving

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Henry Middleton

Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st congressional district

1819–1821
Succeeded by
Joel R. Poinsett











1757 births, 1824 deaths, Ambassadors of the United States to Spain, American proslavery activists, Governors of South Carolina, Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina, Pinckney family, Signers of the United States Constitution, United States Senators from South Carolina, University of South Carolina trusteesUncategorized

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